Physiological Activity, Nutritional Composition, and Gene Expression in Apple (Malus domestica Borkh) Influenced by Different ETc Levels of Irrigation at Distinct Development Stages

Managing irrigation efficiently is paramount given the uncertainty in future availability of water and rising demand for this resource. Scheduled significantly influences vegetative growth through improving crop physiology nutrient uptake use efficiency. Influence different treatments (100%, 75%, 50% volume Class A pan evapotranspiration) applied at four phenological stages (flowering fruit set (C1), stage (C2), pre-harvest (C3), throughout growing season (C4)) drip along with a control (rainfed) on leaf physiology, content, gene expression was studied Super Chief Sandidge variety raised M9T337 (5 6 years old) grown spacing 1.5 × 3 m (2222 plants/ha) under high density condition Kashmir Himalayan range India. comparison data reveals that 100% Crop evapotranspiration (ETc) increased area by 60% compared to rainfed conditions. Leaf plants irrigated (C4) during flowering (C1). Irrigation amount likely does not have any influence development after stage. Stomatal opening their size greatly vary from no optimum these plants. High apple trees exposed levels (100% 75% ET) had higher concentrations nutrients (N, P, K) tissues. The concentration Ca Mg content tissues are influenced supply early growth. transporter thus regulating such genes. It therefore observed proper C1 C2 critical physiological activity uptake.